Define the Term Psychosis, Including Examples of Each of the Central Symptoms?
Question by sdf: Define the term psychosis, including examples of each of the central symptoms?
Define the term psychosis, including examples of each of the central symptoms. Then discuss the various causes of psychosis. Finally, explain the relationship between genes and environment (or genetic pre-disposition and stress) in the development of psychotic symptoms.
Best answer:
Answer by Lilyflower
DEFINITION
Psychosis means abnormal condition of the mind, and is a generic psychiatric term for a mental state often described as involving a “loss of contact with reality”.
SYMPTOMS
The most common symptoms are hallucinations, delusions or thought disorders.
An example of hallucination is hearing voices.
Some examples of delusions are: the person believes that aliens have removed his brain, that he is under police surveillance, that he/she is a god, or that his mind is being read.
Some examples of thought disorders are:
–”Am I early?” “No, you’re just about on…”[silence]
–”What is your name?” “Well, sometimes when people ask me that I have to think about whether or not I will answer because some people think it’s an odd name even though I don’t really because my mom gave it to me and I think my dad helped but it’s as good a name as any in my opinion, I think it’s a little weird to have the same name as two of my other names, but the fact that I like it, is a good thing… but yeah, it’s Tom.”
–”What would you like for dinner?” “That’s a good question. That’s a good question. That’s a good question. That’s a good question.”
–”Why do people comb their hair?” “Because it makes a twirl in life, my box is broken help me blue elephant. Isn’t lettuce brave? I like electrons, hello.”
–”Is your name Mary?” “Yes.” “Are you in the hospital?” “Yes.” “Are you a table?” “Yes.”
–”What city are you from?” “Well, that’s a hard question. I’m from Iowa. I really don’t know where my relatives came from, so I don’t know if I’m Irish or French.”
CAUSES
a) Psychiatric disorders, such as brain tumors, drug abuse amphetamines, brain damage, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (manic depression), severe depression, severe stress, some focal epileptic disorders, exposure to some traumatic event, and quick withdrawal from certain drugs.
b) Medical conditions, such as neurological disorders, electrolyte disorders, hypoglycaemia, lupus, AIDS, leprosy, and malaria.
GENES AND ENVIRONMENT
Attempts to discover genes that relate directly to psychotic disorder have been frustrating and often disappointing, and despite enormous investments, the identification of actual molecular genetic variants underlying schizophrenia liability has proven extremely difficult. This difficulty is mainly due to the phenomenon of gene-environment interaction, which is defined as genetic control of sensitivity to the environment.
Exciting findings in other areas of psychiatry have motivated researchers to turn their attention to better understanding the complex ways in which genetic factors interact with non-genetic factors to produce psychosis. Biological vulnerability factors with a genetic background interact with complex physical, psychological and environmental vulnerability factors.
Conceptualised in a model, gene-environment interaction proposes that genes influencing risk for schizophrenia may not do so directly (the dominant model until recently), but indirectly by making individuals more sensitive to the effects of causal environmental risk factors (the most common environmental risk factors are urbanicity, migration, cannabis use and childhood victimisation.
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